低温储罐的安全使(shi)用(yong)规(gui)则有哪些?-双诚(cheng)

　　低(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)储罐低(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)罐的(de)主要功能是(shi)充装、贮(zhu)存(cun)低(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)液(ye)体。对(dui)低(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)储罐低(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)罐的(de)安全使用(yong)要求(qiu),应面考(kao)虑(lv)气体危(wei)险特性、低(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)保护效果、周围(wei)环境状况(kuang)、励(li)容器特性等, 采取相应技术管理(li)措施(shi),确保安全运行。

　　低(di)(di)温(wen)储(chu)罐是一种用于贮存(cun)各种低(di)(di)温(wen)液体的压力容器，因(yin)而(er)它的安全(quan)运用规矩，应该全(quan)部思考(kao)气体风险特性、低(di)(di)温(wen)维护效果、周围环境情况、压力容器特性等因(yin)素。 那么，低(di)(di)温(wen)储(chu)罐的安全(quan)使用规则有哪些(xie)?

　　1、设施种类和(he)防火间隔

　　低温储(chu)罐出产种类(lei)是乙类(lei)，最低耐火等级(ji)二(er)级(ji)。低温储(chu)罐间的(de)(de)(de)防火间隔，应不(bu)小(xiao)于相邻两罐中较大罐的(de)(de)(de)直径的(de)(de)(de)一半。容积(ji)小(xiao)于等于50m3的(de)(de)(de)氧气储(chu)罐与其运用(yong)厂房的(de)(de)(de)防火间隔不(bu)限。氮(dan)气、氩气储(chu)罐的(de)(de)(de)间隔应满意施工(gong)和修理请(qing)求，且不(bu)宜小(xiao)于2m。

　　2、防雷防静电

　　低温(wen)储(chu)罐(guan)的区域要有防(fang)雷防(fang)静电接(jie)(jie)地(di)装置，每年(nian)要约请(qing)有天资单(dan)位定期(qi)检查接(jie)(jie)地(di)电阻。低温(wen)储(chu)罐(guan)上的设备、管(guan)道、阀门上的法兰衔接(jie)(jie)和(he)螺纹衔接(jie)(jie)处(chu)，应采用(yong)金属导线(xian)跨接(jie)(jie)，其跨连电阻应小于0.03Ω。

　　建(jian)立严厉的(de)低(di)(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)钢(gang)资(zi)料(liao)的(de)发放(fang)、收回(hui)以(yi)及(ji)(ji)现(xian)场办(ban)理(li)制(zhi)度(du)，关(guan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)低(di)(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)压力容(rong)器的(de)制(zhi)作(zuo)来讲是(shi)主要(yao)的(de)质(zhi)量(liang)保证手(shou)法。特别在(zai)制(zhi)作(zuo)现(xian)场，因为(wei)低(di)(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)钢(gang)材(cai)与一般钢(gang)材(cai)简单(dan)混杂(za)，如不严加(jia)办(ban)理(li)睬留下(xia)很大的(de)事故隐患。低(di)(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)钢(gang)材(cai)和(he)(he)焊条应专人(ren)(ren)专库(ku)(ku)(ku)办(ban)理(li)，经技术交底后，施工(gong)人(ren)(ren)员(yuan)和(he)(he)相(xiang)(xiang)关(guan)办(ban)理(li)人(ren)(ren)员(yuan)应熟识(shi)低(di)(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)钢(gang)材(cai)和(he)(he)焊条的(de)标识(shi)，以(yi)防与其他钢(gang)材(cai)混杂(za)。资(zi)料(liao)进(jin)(jin)出库(ku)(ku)(ku)要(yao)记载台帐，剩(sheng)下(xia)资(zi)料(liao)要(yao)及(ji)(ji)时(shi)进(jin)(jin)行标识(shi)移植。低(di)(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)钢(gang)材(cai)外表质(zhi)量(liang)请求高，低(di)(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)钢(gang)材(cai)储运(yun)过(guo)程中应维护好外表并采用色标进(jin)(jin)行标识(shi)。下(xia)料(liao)、切开应在(zai)资(zi)料(liao)办(ban)理(li)人(ren)(ren)员(yuan)监督下(xia)进(jin)(jin)行，并及(ji)(ji)时(shi)进(jin)(jin)行色标移植，低(di)(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)钢(gang)材(cai)表而(er)不允许打钢(gang)印作(zuo)标识(shi)。钢(gang)板材(cai)、半成(cheng)品按(an)批号、标准(zhun)分(fen)类上(shang)(shang)架堆积，预制(zhi)，加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)形的(de)资(zi)料(liao)用胎具支架寄存，严禁低(di)(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)(wen)钢(gang)资(zi)料(liao)特别是(shi)焊接资(zi)料(liao)直接置于(yu)(yu)(yu)地上(shang)(shang)。支架离地上(shang)(shang)和(he)(he)墙面(mian)的(de)间(jian)隔(ge)不该小于(yu)(yu)(yu)300mm 。焊条库(ku)(ku)(ku)设置契合(he)相(xiang)(xiang)关(guan)焊材(cai)办(ban)理(li)规(gui)则，库(ku)(ku)(ku)内温(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)不得低(di)(di)(di)(di)于(yu)(yu)(yu)10℃ ，相(xiang)(xiang)对(dui)湿度(du)不大于(yu)(yu)(yu)60% ，并做好记载。焊条运(yun)用前(qian)按(an)规(gui)则温(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)烘干2 小时(shi)，烘干后放(fang)置于(yu)(yu)(yu)恒温(wen)(wen)(wen)枯燥箱内(100～150℃）。

　　绝热气瓶(ping)分(fen)(fen)装由低温液(ye)(ye)(ye)体(ti)储(chu)罐低温罐液(ye)(ye)(ye)体(ti)出口(kou), 借助槽内贮存压力, 直(zhi)接将低温液(ye)(ye)(ye)体(ti)分(fen)(fen)装进入(ru)低温绝热气瓶(ping)等专用(yong)小容器内,可供相对(dui)独立且(qie)较大用(yong)户使用(yong)。在低温绝热气瓶(ping)分(fen)(fen)装时,若(ruo)(ruo)气瓶(ping)上设(she)有(you)放空阀(fa),应(ying)打(da)开放空阀(fa)放空。分(fen)(fen)装时,操(cao)作人(ren)员应(ying)注意站立于(yu)侧面作业,且(qie)液(ye)(ye)(ye)体(ti)出口(kou)处或放空空不宜长久停留。在分(fen)(fen)装过程(cheng)中(zhong),若(ruo)(ruo)管(guan)阀(fa)冻结,宜用(yong) 70°C左右热水解冻,禁用(yong)电热烘烤或强行敲击。在分(fen)(fen)装场所,应(ying)保持空气畅(chang)通,避免(mian)低温液(ye)(ye)(ye)体(ti)或气体(ti)积聚。

　　管(guan)网集中供气(qi)(qi)(qi)由低(di)温储罐液体出(chu)(chu)口,配接(jie)(jie)低(di)温液体低(di)压(ya)(ya)气(qi)(qi)(qi)化器(qi)和终端管(guan)路调(diao)节(jie)系(xi)统(tong),后接(jie)(jie)气(qi)(qi)(qi)体使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)管(guan)网，可集中供应较大区域或较多(duo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)户使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。根据(ju)管(guan)网使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)量需求,确定(ding)(ding)气(qi)(qi)(qi)体使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)压(ya)(ya)力后, 经终端管(guan)路调(diao)节(jie)系(xi)统(tong)调(diao)节(jie)增压(ya)(ya)设定(ding)(ding)工作压(ya)(ya)励(li),并(bing)以自动恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)压(ya)(ya)力输出(chu)(chu)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)体, 满足区域集中用(yong)(yong)(yong)气(qi)(qi)(qi)要求。低(di)温液体储罐内(nei)的(de)低(di)温液体应始终保(bao)(bao)持-定(ding)(ding)存(cun) 量,使(shi)其内(nei)容器(qi)确保(bao)(bao)处于(yu)低(di)温状态,供气(qi)(qi)(qi)系(xi)统(tong)确保(bao)(bao)处于(yu)低(di)压(ya)(ya)恒(heng)定(ding)(ding)运行工况。

　　低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)液体喷淋(lin)利(li)用(yong)低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)储罐低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)罐,通(tong)过低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)管路向外界物(wu)体直(zhi)接现场(chang)供应(ying)低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)液体(常用(yong)介质为液氮)喷淋(lin),用(yong)于低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)加工工艺(如低(di)(di)(di)温(wen)(wen)粉碎、食(shi)品速冻等(deng))。

　　低(di)温储罐低(di)温罐,配接低(di)温液体喷淋(lin)系统,应(ying)尽量(liang)缩短两者(zhe)之间的(de)(de)(de)距离,以减(jian)少低(di)温管路长度,降低(di)低(di)温冷量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)损(sun)失。输(shu)送低(di)温液体管道(dao)应(ying)有绝(jue)热保护措施和(he)防潮处理结构, -般采用真空绝(jue)热管道(dao)或采用绝(jue)热效果较佳的(de)(de)(de)聚氨脂(zhi)类发(fa)泡材料外敷白铁皮管道(dao)连(lian)接。